Guides

Translation, certification and international documents.

Practical explanations on translation, technology, review and official documents, based on Portuguese and European sources.

AI and translation

Artificial intelligence in translation: where can it fail?

Why AI output can be fluent and still diverge from the source, with references to the European Commission, ISO, EUR-Lex and EDPS.

What each formality proves, who performs it and when both may be needed.

The role of the translator, who may certify, common documents and third-party costs.

Civil, academic and professional documents commonly used in Portugal or abroad.

When Regulation (EU) 2016/1191 can remove the need for an apostille or simplify translation.